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How Photosynthesis Works in Aquatic Plants

Basic Principle

Photosynthesis in aquatic plants occurs through the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. This process requires three primary components: light, water, and carbon dioxide. Unlike terrestrial plants, aquatic plants adapt to submerged or floating environments.

Key Steps

  • Light Absorption: Chlorophyll in chloroplasts captures sunlight (blue and red wavelengths most effective)
  • Water Uptake: Absorbed through roots or directly from water (e.g., Elodea species)
  • Carbon dioxide utilization: Dissolved CO₂ enters through leaf stomata or air pockets
  • ATP Synthesis: Energy carriers produced in thylakoid membranes
  • Glucose Formation: Carbohydrates stored as starch or used for growth

Environmental Influences

Factor Optimal Range Adaptations
Light Intensity 200-500 μmol/m²/s Specialized chlorophyll types in Spirogyra
Water Depth 0-30 meters Air-pore development in Hydrilla
Temperature 15-28°C Enzyme regulation in Azolla

Ecological Applications

  • Bioremediation of polluted waters
  • Food production (e.g., Arthrospira)
  • Carbon sequestration in freshwater systems

References

  • Schmid et al., "Aquatic photosynthesis mechanisms" (2020)
  • Wang & Chen, "Freshwater plant physiology" (2019)

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